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In re Pigao — 9th Cir. BAP (argued September 10, 2026)

No. 25-1076 Argued September 10, 2026 Published September 13, 2026

The Ninth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel hears Joy Pigao's challenge to WBL's $272,437 bankruptcy claim. Puhi Industrial Parts and Bearing borrowed $65,000 from Axos Bank in 2019, and Pigao mortgaged her property to secure the business loan. The agreement charged roughly 0.346% interest per day, which Pigao says exceeds 200% a year. Axos later assigned it to WBL. After filing Chapter 13, Pigao argued that the loan was usurious under Hawaii law, unconscionable, and made and serviced without required licenses. The bankruptcy judge rejected those objections. Pigao asks the panel to reverse.

In re Pigao (No. 25-1076) — United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel of the Ninth Circuit, argued September 10, 2026.

Sources
Argument audio — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105):https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/media/2026/09/10/25-1076.mp3
Argument page — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit:https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/cases/streams-videos/archive?case=25-1076&hearingDate=2026-09-10
BAP argument calendar — Ninth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel:https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/uploads/bap/hearings/2026/09/2026%2009%2010%20HNL-1.pdf
Order overruling Pigao's claim objection — U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Hawaii via GovInfo:https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-hib-1_24-bk-00591/pdf/USCOURTS-hib-1_24-bk-00591-0.pdf
11 U.S.C. § 349 — U.S. House Office of the Law Revision Counsel:https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=%28title%3A11+section%3A349+edition%3Aprelim%29
In re Lukes — Ninth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel:https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/bap/2021/05/26/Lukes%20Memorandum%2020-1236.pdf
In re Choudhuri — Ninth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel:https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/bap/2014/11/12/Choudhuri%20memo%2014-1140.pdf
In re Juarez — Ninth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel:https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/bap/2019/08/21/Juarez%20Opinion%2019-1028.pdf
BAP Litigants' Manual — Ninth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel:https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/bap/2026/Litigants_Manual_2026_01_Final.pdf
Narayan v. Ritz-Carlton — Supreme Court of Hawaii:https://www.courts.state.hi.us/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/SCWC-12-0000819.pdf

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