⚖ Oral Arguments, with Context

The Second Circuit hears Jhoana Juca's appeal over New York City's funding of her child K.A.'s special-education program. K.A., a student with disabilities, attended the private school iBRAIN. Juca asked the city's Department of Education to pay tuition, transportation, nursing, and any late fees for the 2024–25 and 2025–26 school years while administrative proceedings continued. The IDEA's stay-put, or pendency, rule generally keeps a child in the last agreed educational program at public expense during a dispute. The district judge denied immediate relief because Juca had not shown that delayed payment threatened K.A.'s placement or services. At oral argument, the parties tell the panel that tuition has been paid, but they still dispute nursing and late fees. The panel considers whether any effective injunction remains and whether stay-put relief requires proof of irreparable harm.

Juca v. Aviles-Ramos (No. 25-2957) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, argued September 15, 2026.