⚖ Oral Arguments, with Context

Real court arguments, crisp audio, with context.

Court recordings can be difficult to follow, and many suffer from poor audio quality. This podcast enhances the audio, provides a brief introduction to each case, and explains legal concepts that may be unfamiliar to some listeners.

We hope these enhancements make oral argument recordings easier to understand, more accessible, and more enjoyable to listen to.

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United States v. Tyrone Moore — 2d Cir. (Sep 22, 2026)

No. 23-6779 Argued September 22, 2026 Published September 27, 2026

The Second Circuit hears Tyrone Moore's appeal from a federal racketeering conspiracy conviction. At seventeen, Moore and another member of Bridgeport's East End gang shot and killed a rival gang member in July 2019. Moore was detained that October and turned eighteen while in custody. He later pleaded guilty to the gang conspiracy and admitted his role in the shooting. The question here is not whether that shooting happened, but whether Moore remained part of the conspiracy after his eighteenth birthday. Federal law treats offenses committed before eighteen differently from adult crimes. For a conspiracy that crosses that birthday, the judges use the word 'ratification': conduct showing that someone continued participating after becoming an adult. The government points to Moore's recorded jail calls and guilty plea; his lawyer says the calls were talk, not renewed participation. The judges test what those calls and the plea can establish under that rule.

United States v. Tyrone Moore (No. 23-6779) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, argued September 22, 2026.

Sources
Argument audio — Second Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105):https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/audio/23-6779.mp3
Argument listing and date — Second Circuit:https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/oral_arguments.html
Case background and plea — U.S. Attorney for Connecticut:https://www.justice.gov/usao-ct/pr/member-violent-bridgeport-gang-sentenced-more-20-years-federal-prison
Case docket and juvenile-law discussion — District of Connecticut:https://ecf.ctd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/show_public_doc?2021cr0008-483=
Juvenile definition — 18 U.S.C. § 5031:https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?edition=prelim&num=0&req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title18-section5031
Juvenile proceedings — 18 U.S.C. § 5032:https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=%28title%3A18+section%3A5032+edition%3Aprelim%29
Crimes spanning age eighteen — DOJ criminal resource manual:https://www.justice.gov/archives/usam/criminal-resource-manual-145-criminal-acts-occurring-and-after-defendants-eighteenth-birthday
Related appeal docket and counsel — Second Circuit:https://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca2/25-761

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